The U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) administers and enforces export controls on certain less sensitive military items and on certain dual-use items, which are items with chiefly commercial uses but which could be used in conventional arms and/or in weapons of mass destruction, or by terrorists or others who engage in illegal activities or human rights abuses. These export controls are implemented in coordination with several other agencies through the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). The Office of Exporter Services within BIS is the first line (less)